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03-19-05, 12:26

Chemistry
Seed is reported to contain moisture, 4.3–5.2; protein, 22.3–24.4; ether extract 46.5–49.1; nitrogen-free extract, 11.7–14.3; crude fibre, 4.8–5.8; ash, 5.6–6.0; calcium, 1.03–1.45; phosphorous, 0.79–0.89%; iron, 8.5–11.1 mg/100 g; thiamine, 740–1,181; riboflavin, 765–1,203; and nicotinic acid, 800–1,280 mg/100 g; carotene is absent. Minor minerals in the seeds include: iodine, 6 mg/kg; manganese, 29 mg/kg; copper, 22.9 mg/kg; magnesium, 15.6 g/kg; sodium, 0.3 g/kg; potassium, 5.25 g/kg; and zinc, 130 mg/kg; the seeds also contain lecithin, 2.80%; oxalic acid, 1.62%; pentosans, 3.0–3.6%; traces of narcotine and an amorphous alkaloid; and the enzymes diastase, emulsin, lipase, and nuclease. Poppyseed oil cakes were estimated to have 88 feed units per 100 kg, 27.5% digestible crude protein and 25.6% digestible true protein. Per 100 g the seed is reported to contain 533 calories, 6.8 g H2O, 18.0 g protein, 44.7 g fat, 23.7 g total carbohydrate, 6.3 g fiber, 6.8 g ash, 1448 mg Ca, 848 mg P, 9.4 mg Fe, 21 mg Na, 700 mg K, a trace of b-carotene equivalent, 0.95 mg thiamine, 0.17 mg riboflavin, and 0.98 mg niacin.

Description
Annual or biennial herb, 50–150 cm tall, glabrous or glaucous, sometimes with a few spreading bristles; stems slightly branched, erect leaves large, numerous, ovate to oblong, serrate to dentate-serrate, clasping at base, glaucous, the lower ones pinnatifid; flowers on long peduncles with nodding buds that expand into erect flowers; petals 4–8, white to purplish, in varieties also pink, violet, bluish, or red, 5–7 cm long; sepals glabrous, 1.5–2 cm long; fruit a capsule, ovoid to globose, glabrous, 4–6 cm long, 3.5–4 cm in diameter, with 8–12 rayed sessile stigmas; seeds oily, white, dark gray to black, or bluish. Fl. and fr. nearly year round in tropical areas, elsewhere in spring and summer.

Germplasm
Opium poppy has been cultivated for several thousand years and many cultivars have resulted, differing in flower color, opium production, color of seeds, oil content of seeds, and cultural requirements. Many variants are named, the best known are the "White Poppy" and the "Black Poppy" ("Blue Poppy"), named for color of seed. "White Poppy" has white to silvery-gray flowers, white seeds, and the capsule is somewhat flattened both at top and bottom. "Black Poppy" usually has violet flowers, seeds a slate color, and the capsule is smaller and and more globular. Many new hybrids being produced and classified according to seed yield, morphine content, and oil content. Hybridizes with P. setigerum and P. bracteatum. P. ssetigerum DC is one of the allotetraploids of P. somniferum, and is, perhaps, one of the ancestors of the cultivated opium poppy. Reported from the Mediterranean, Central Asian, and Near Eastern Centers of Diversity, or cvs thereof is reported to tolerate drought, frost, high pH, heat, limestone, low pH, slope, and virus (2n = 22, 20) (Duke, 1978).

03-19-05, 12:26	#7 (permalink)
~afraidofamerica Guest Posts: n/a	Chemistry Seed is reported to contain moisture, 4.3–5.2; protein, 22.3–24.4; ether extract 46.5–49.1; nitrogen-free extract, 11.7–14.3; crude fibre, 4.8–5.8; ash, 5.6–6.0; calcium, 1.03–1.45; phosphorous, 0.79–0.89%; iron, 8.5–11.1 mg/100 g; thiamine, 740–1,181; riboflavin, 765–1,203; and nicotinic acid, 800–1,280 mg/100 g; carotene is absent. Minor minerals in the seeds include: iodine, 6 mg/kg; manganese, 29 mg/kg; copper, 22.9 mg/kg; magnesium, 15.6 g/kg; sodium, 0.3 g/kg; potassium, 5.25 g/kg; and zinc, 130 mg/kg; the seeds also contain lecithin, 2.80%; oxalic acid, 1.62%; pentosans, 3.0–3.6%; traces of narcotine and an amorphous alkaloid; and the enzymes diastase, emulsin, lipase, and nuclease. Poppyseed oil cakes were estimated to have 88 feed units per 100 kg, 27.5% digestible crude protein and 25.6% digestible true protein. Per 100 g the seed is reported to contain 533 calories, 6.8 g H2O, 18.0 g protein, 44.7 g fat, 23.7 g total carbohydrate, 6.3 g fiber, 6.8 g ash, 1448 mg Ca, 848 mg P, 9.4 mg Fe, 21 mg Na, 700 mg K, a trace of b-carotene equivalent, 0.95 mg thiamine, 0.17 mg riboflavin, and 0.98 mg niacin. Description Annual or biennial herb, 50–150 cm tall, glabrous or glaucous, sometimes with a few spreading bristles; stems slightly branched, erect leaves large, numerous, ovate to oblong, serrate to dentate-serrate, clasping at base, glaucous, the lower ones pinnatifid; flowers on long peduncles with nodding buds that expand into erect flowers; petals 4–8, white to purplish, in varieties also pink, violet, bluish, or red, 5–7 cm long; sepals glabrous, 1.5–2 cm long; fruit a capsule, ovoid to globose, glabrous, 4–6 cm long, 3.5–4 cm in diameter, with 8–12 rayed sessile stigmas; seeds oily, white, dark gray to black, or bluish. Fl. and fr. nearly year round in tropical areas, elsewhere in spring and summer. Germplasm Opium poppy has been cultivated for several thousand years and many cultivars have resulted, differing in flower color, opium production, color of seeds, oil content of seeds, and cultural requirements. Many variants are named, the best known are the "White Poppy" and the "Black Poppy" ("Blue Poppy"), named for color of seed. "White Poppy" has white to silvery-gray flowers, white seeds, and the capsule is somewhat flattened both at top and bottom. "Black Poppy" usually has violet flowers, seeds a slate color, and the capsule is smaller and and more globular. Many new hybrids being produced and classified according to seed yield, morphine content, and oil content. Hybridizes with P. setigerum and P. bracteatum. P. ssetigerum DC is one of the allotetraploids of P. somniferum, and is, perhaps, one of the ancestors of the cultivated opium poppy. Reported from the Mediterranean, Central Asian, and Near Eastern Centers of Diversity, or cvs thereof is reported to tolerate drought, frost, high pH, heat, limestone, low pH, slope, and virus (2n = 22, 20) (Duke, 1978).