Naematoloma (= Hypholoma) sublateritium: Kuri-take, Chestnut Mushroom [MERGED]

[llamabox]

Naematoloma sublateritium is a synonym for Hypholoma sublateritium.
This fall mushroom can be found growing in tight clusters on hardwood stumps and logs. It is fairly easily recognized by its habitat, its brick-red cap with a paler cap margin, its purple-gray gills, and the way the stem often bruises and stains yellow. If you can catch Hypholoma sublateritium when it's still very young, you can see its partial veil, which mycologists call "submembranous," looking like a cross between a cortina and a more substantial veil (see the bottom illustration).
Hypholoma sublateritium is widely distributed, and in some areas is called the "Brick Cap." It is a popular edible.
Description:
Ecology: Saprobic; growing in clusters on decaying hardwood logs and stumps; fall; widely distributed in North America.
Cap: 4-10 cm; convex to broadly convex, occasionally nearly flat or irregular in age; with an incurved margin when young; smooth; dry or moist; brick red, paler on the margin.
Gills: Attached to the stem; pale to pale gray at first, becoming purple-gray; close or crowded.
Stem: 5-10 cm long; .5-1.5 cm thick; more or less equal, but often twisted due to clustered growth pattern; more or less smooth or somewhat shaggy; sometimes with a faint ring zone near the top; whitish above, reddish below; sometimes bruising and staining yellow.
Flesh: Firm; cream colored.


Spore Print: Purple brown.


Microscopic Features: Spores 6-7 x 4-4.5 µ; eliptical; smooth; with a pore tip.

[llamabox]

Hypholoma sublateritium


Kuritake, The Chestnut Mushroom

<hr>
<script type="text/javascript"> function f(){ return (window.frames['tabframe'] ? window.frames['tabframe'] : parent.window.frames['tabframe']); } </script> (Naematoloma sublateritium, Kuritake, The Chestnut Mushroom)

Growth Parameters

• Spawn Run:
  Incubation Temperature: 70-75 F. (21-24 C.)
  Relative Humidity: 95-100%
  Duration: 20-28 days (+14-28 day resting period.)
  CO2: >10,000ppm.
  Fresh Air Exchanges: 0-1 per hour.
  Light Requirements: n/a
• Primordia Formation:
  Initiation Temperature: 50-60 F. (10-16 C.)
  Relative Humidity: 98-100%
  Duration: 8-12 days.
  CO2: 1000-2000 ppm.
  Fresh Air Exchanges: 1-2 per hour.
  Light Requirements: 100-200 lux.
• Fruitbody Development:
  Temperature: 50-60 F. (10-16 C.)
  Relative Humidity: 90-95%
  Duration: 7-14 days.
  CO2: 1000-5000 ppm.
  Fresh Air Exchanges: 1-2 per hour or as required.
  Light Requirements: 100-200 lux.
• Cropping Cycle:
  2 crops, 2 weeks apart

Methods of Cultivation:

• Outdoors: a. Hardwood logs are inoculated with dowels or sawdust and laid horizontally side by side. The logs are then partially buried using untreated sawdust. b. A rooted stump, preferably oak or chestnut, may be inoculated with dowels or sawdust.
• Indoors: Sterilized blocks of sawdust may be used for indoor cultivation. The exhausted blocks may be buried outside to produce additional fruits or may be used as spawn for inoculating stumps and logs.

Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA, OMYA, PDYA, DFA.

1st, 2nd, and 3rd Generation Spawn Media: Grain. Sawdust may be substituted for grain for the 3rd generation.

Substrates for Fruiting: Supplemented alder, chestnut, poplar, hickory, cottonwood or oak sawdust, logs and stumps.

Additional Notes: Hypholomas thrive in cold weather and do not produce when temperatures exceed 60-65 F. ( 15-18 C.). Hypholoma species are closely related to Psilocybe and Stropharia species. H. sublateritium clusters are found on dead hardwoods, logs and soils rich in wood debris, and most often found on Oak stumps. Kuritake has a nutty flavor and pairs well with red wines.

[Bobcat]

Thanks, nice pics and write up llamabox! Im a big fan of those. They grow well both indoor and out. I had two cultivated patches from last year produce again this year. Tasty. Very few mushies disagree with my stomach, but these do a little. No one else I fed them to experienced this. Its not enough to stop me from eating them again! I put the caps on pizzas ala pepperoni style. Stems went into some stew. Highly recommended.

My outdoor patches were experimental, but both successful. One was made of very old and degraded wood that was in a landscaping bed. We're talking a decade or more of aging. The wood was poplar and it was chunked by a tree service. Last year it fruited heavy after about 4 months of running. This year just a few. Stamets considers them useful for stump decomposition. So their ability here is no surprise.

The other outdoor bed was hardwood mulch like you buy in 3 cu. ft. bags at Lowes. They fruited heavy last and this year. I expect a quick decline, though, because mushies seem to burn through that stuff pretty quick. I'll have to print them up next year.

[llamabox]

I collected a bunch of prints tp try and work with.

If you or anybody wants any just drop me a PM.

[Bobcat]

Mighty kind of you! PM sent......

dont forget its cousin hyphaloma capnoides....the pine brick cap.

[bullfrog]

you might want to add more woodchips now , and again in the spring. then transfer some to new beds you make. the old beds should be refurbished for a few more seasons , and you have new juvenile beds for the following year to come.

nice write up man, very interesting. love to try em'. bllfrg

[Bobcat]

The only problem with capnoides is their resemblance to Hypholoma fasiscular, a potentially poisonous other cousin. Kuritake looks similar too, but is more distinguishable for the novice.

A very common mushroom, Hypholoma capnoides (also called Naematoloma capnoides) fruits in clusters on pine stumps and decaying pine wood. It is typically a fall or winter mushroom, but can be encountered in the spring as well.

"Hypholoma capnoides is distinguished from many of its look-alikes by its purplish brown spore print, its lack of a persistent ring, and its dry cap. Two other common Hypholoma species are similar; the reportedly poisonous Hypholoma fasciculare has yellowish green gills when young, and a bitter taste--and Hypholoma sublateritium has a brick-red cap. Smith, Smith & Weber (1979) report the possibility of mushrooms intergrading between Hypholoma capnoides and Hypholoma sublateritium."

Kuo, M. (2002, May). Hypholoma capnoides. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hypholoma_capnoides.html

[dial8]

Found these on Thanksgiving day. NOt sure what they are. At first I was hoping Big Gym but I'm not sure now. The spore color is off a bit to be that species. It is purple-ish.

Found them on decomposed wood and leaves. I think it ws an old stump site covered with dirt.

i dont think you have a gymnopilus sp. there. all the gymnopilus im familiar with have a rusty/orange sporeprint. did you field taste it? if it WAS a gym it would taste indescribably bitter. im not an active mushroom expert though...the only gymnopilus im familiar with are spectabilis, aeruginosus, sapineus and luteofolius. good luck and i hope im wrong .

[llamabox]

They look a bit like the Hypholoma (Bricktops) I found a couple weeks ago.

[Lazlo]

They could be some kind of Honey mushroom.

[Lazlo]

Then again, not with that print color.

[Bobcat]

I'm with the llama. I think you have H. sublateritium. The ones I grew indoors looked a lot like those. My outdoor ones- from the same spawn- had darkish burnt red caps. Not too colored, but more than yours. I believe H. sub is known for having a veil like yours have in the picture.

Oh, and !

[dial8]

Thanks for the input guys. Yeah the more I looked at them and considering the spore print I was pretty sure they were not a Gymnopolis. I'll look into the H. sublateritium.

[dial8]

Soooo, this site, http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/galle...~6202~gid~.asp , lists them as "poisonous/suspect" and "not edible.

[Lazlo]

Hmm, looks like a pretty good i.d. to me.

http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hyphol...ateritium.html

[llamabox]

This site http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hyphol...ateritium.html
says, "Hypholoma sublateritium is widely distributed, and in some areas is called the "Brick Cap." It is a popular edible, but I do not recommend it for beginning mushroomers since it could be confused with several poisonous species."


Or do a search for Kuritake.

[Bobcat]

Originally Posted by dial8

Soooo, this site, http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/galle...~6202~gid~.asp , lists them as "poisonous/suspect" and "not edible.

He was either misinformed, made a mistake or is being overly cautious. I could see where one would want to be sure they were not Galerinas or it's kissing cousin H. fasciculare. I believe its most likely he made a mistake.

Hypholoma fasciculare

[ Basidiomycetes > Agaricales > Strophariaceae > Hypholoma . . . ]

by Michael Kuo

This widely distributed mushroom is fairly common, and is often found fruiting in large, striking clusters on the wood of conifers or hardwoods. When fresh, the clustered caps are bright yellow to greenish yellow--as are the gills and stems. The spore print is purple-brown, and with older specimens you can frequently check this out in the field, due to the clustered growth pattern, by simply lifting a few caps that have covered others. Like many other Hypholoma species, Hypholoma fasciculare is most often found in colder weather.

Though its bitter taste would stop all but the most determined mycophagists anyway, it should be noted that Hypholoma fasciculare may be poisonous; I do not recommend it as an edible. That said, I have some doubts. Contemporary field guides say the mushroom has proven fatal in Europe and Asia--but so do older field guides, and contemporary authors may be simply reiterating the older claims. It is possible that we are in territory similar to that of Hygrocybe conica, where "four deaths in China" are cited by many authors as proof of the mushroom's toxicity--when the four deaths occurred in a pre-industrial country so long ago that one can't be sure the mushrooms were accurately identified, let alone the cause of the poisoning.

The earliest edibility reference to Hypholoma fasciculare in my library is Nina Marshall's The Mushroom Book (1902, 80), where she says the mushroom is "reputed poisonous." Unlike Hygrocybe conica, however, contemporary authors also cite non-fatal North American evidence--like Arora (1986, 383): "in America only gastrointestinal upsets have been reported." Perhaps these cases could simply result from the bitter taste; in 1949, Alexander Smith noted that "[t]here are reports of people eating this species after boiling the caps in water and of suffering no ill effects" (514). Don't get me wrong, however: I would not eat this mushroom, and I don't recommend that you do, either!

A smaller, southern version of Hypholoma fasciculare, which may or may not be a truly distinct species, is discussed in the comments below.

Description:

Ecology: Saprobic; growing in clusters on decaying logs and stumps of hardwoods and conifers; fall and winter, sometimes in spring; widely distributed in North America.

Cap: 2-5 cm; conical to convex at first, becoming broadly convex to flat; smooth; dry; bright sulfur yellow to greenish yellow when fresh, sometimes yellowish orange when young, often with a darker center; the margin sometimes with small partial veil fragments.

Gills: Attached to the stem or pulling away from it; sulfur yellow, becoming olive or greenish yellow, eventually dusted with spores and therefore spotted purplish brown to blackish (see third illustration); close or crowded.

Stem: 5-12 cm long; 3-10 mm thick; more or less equal, or tapering to base, bright yellow to tawny, developing rusty brown stains from the base upwards; bright yellow partial veil present in buttons (see the bottom illustration), soon disappearing or leaving a ring zone near the top.

Flesh: Thin, yellow.

Taste: Bitter.

Spore Print: Purple brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores: 6-8 x 3.5-5 µ; elliptical; smooth.

Naematoloma fasciculare is a synonym.

REFERENCES: (Hudson ex Fries) Karsten, 1879. (Smith, 1949; Smith, Smith & Weber, 1979; Smith Weber & Smith, 1985; Arora, 1986; Phillips, 1991/2005; Lincoff, 1992.) Herb. Kuo 10029601.

The very similar Hypholoma subviride is a southern mushroom described from Cuba, Puerto Rico, Florida, and the Gulf Coast. According to Smith, Smith & Weber (1985, 224), it looks "like stunted specimens" of Hypholoma fasciculare; "detailed studies of this group are needed to show if, in fact, a single variable species or two distinct ones are involved." The caps for Hypholoma subviride are 1-3 cm; spore sizes are virtually identical. A photo of Hypholoma subviride can be found at the Basidiomycetes of the Greater Antilles Web site.

Kuo, M. (2003, January). Hypholoma fasciculare. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hyphol...sciculare.html

Here they are also described as bitter (as roger describes the 'toxic' H. sublateritium). Other sites describe sublateritium as Mild to Bitter. It'll help to check the gills. Does any of your specimens- or any back at the site- have greenish gills? If so you have a winner... er, or loser, as the case may be.

If your unsure, throw them out! You've still got your prints if you want to play at a later date.

[panic]

rodgersmushrooms.com? is that rodger rabbits baby?

[Lazlo]

No. Roger Phillips

[dial8]

None of these had green gills. You confused me up there. Green gills = bad...ughhhhh, right?

[Bobcat]

Nope, your not confused at all! Green gills are a trait of the poisonous Hypholoma.

[dial8]

ok thanks, bob

[Bobcat]

Here's some old pics I dug up from 2004. This is from a 5lb chip/sawdust block. Don't really remember which flush or if it is all or part. But I can say that is very few caps from a block this size for this specie. Heavy fruiters. I do remember they came for many flushes before I sent them out to live in the wild in a chip bed..... Anyway, here's how they look when cultivated indoors:




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